COVID-19 ( COronaVIrus Disease 19 ), SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus 2019.

Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola HF) is one of numerous Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. It is a severe, often fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates (such as monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees).

Ebola HF is caused by infection with a virus of the family Filoviridae, genus Ebolavirus. When infection occurs, symptoms usually begin abruptly. The first Ebolavirus species was discovered in 1976 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo near the Ebola River. Since then, outbreaks have appeared sporadically.

This picture provides a 3D graphical representation of a generic influenza virion’s ultrastructure.

 H1N1 is a new virus that was first detected in people in April 2009. It was originally referred as “swine flu” because many of the genes in this new virus were similar to influenza viruses that occur in pigs. Further study has shown that this new virus is a “quadruple reassortant” virus because it has two genes from flu viruses that normally circulate in pigs, avian genes and human genes. This virus is spreading from person-to-person, in the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread. 

The outbreak intensified rapidly on June 11, 2009, the WHO signaled that a global pandemic of influenza A (H1N1) was underway by raising the worldwide pandemic alert level to Phase 6.

The symptoms of novel H1N1 flu virus in people are similar to the symptoms of seasonal flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. A significant number of people who have been infected with this virus also have reported diarrhea and vomiting; like seasonal flu, severe illnesses and death has occurred as a result of illness associated with this virus.

There are not enough informations at this time to predict how severe A/ H1N1 flu outbreak will be in terms of illness and death or how it will compare with seasonal influenza.

Scientists believes that this virus has the same properties in terms of spread as seasonal flu viruses. With seasonal flu, studies have shown that people may be contagious from one day before they develop symptoms to up to 7 days after they get sick.

Athlete’s foot is a skin infection capable of creating lesions on the foot. The contaminants of this infection are dermatophytes: Microsporum sp Trichophyton sp and Epidermophyton mycelium. The fungi that cause Athlete’s Foot multiply quickly in warm, moist areas. For this reason they are often present around swimming pools, in changing rooms and showers. This also explains why Tinea pedis is called Athlete’s Foot because it often occurs in athletes who frequent these environments.

 Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming rod that produces a potent neurotoxin. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in foods that are incorrectly or minimally processed.
Foodborne botulism is a severe type of food poisoning caused by the ingestion of foods containing the potent neurotoxin formed during growth of the organism. The toxin is heat labile and can be destroyed if heated at 80°C for 10 minutes or longer .The disease is of considerable concern because of its high mortality rate if not treated immediately and properly. It can happen  with inadequately processed, home-canned foods, in meat products, sausages, canned vegetables and seafood productc.

 Adenovirus is highly contagious for infants and children, and are less frequent in adults.Adenoviral infections can cause several disease: gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever,  pharyngitis, rhinitis, acute otitis media, bronchiolitis, urinary infections.

  Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive bacteria produce toxin that are responsible of food poisoning. It is normally Common source of infection are: rice, cereals, beef, turkey, seafood, salad, potatoes, , sauces, soups, milk and various bakery products and desserts.
Bacillus cereus can be foun in soil, air, dust, water, animals and decaying matter.
It can cause nausea, cramplike abdominal pains and watery diarrhoea, and vomiting.

 Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by hepatitis A virus.
 Hepatitis A virus is spread from person to person by putting something in the mouth that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A. This type of transmission is called “fecal-oral.” For this reason, the virus is more easily spread in areas where there are poor sanitary conditions or where good personal hygiene is not observed.
 Hepatitis B s a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the liver. The virus, which is called hepatitis B virus (HBV), can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death.
HBV is spread when blood from an infected person enters the body of a person who is not infected. For example, HBV is spread through having sex with an infected person, by sharing drugs, needles, or from an infected mother to her baby during birth.  Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is found in the blood of persons who have the disease. HCV is spread by contact with the blood of an infected person.
Hepatitis D is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV), a defective virus that needs the hepatitis B virus to exist. Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is found in the blood of persons infected with the virus.
Hepatitis E  is a liver disease that is spread by eating or drinking contaminated food or water.

 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes A.I.D.S. (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) It is a serious disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles.
AIDS happens concurrently with numerous opportunistic infections and cancer that are normally associated with the HIV infection.
The most common neurological complications of AIDS involve opportunistic infections of the brain such as progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) and meningitis, other opportunistic infections such as herpes zoster (shingles), peripheral neuropathy, depression, and AIDS-related dementia.

 Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium and causes the disease listeriosis. Listeriosis can cause septicemia, meningitis, encephalitis, corneal ulcer, Pneumonia, and intrauterine or cervical infections in pregnant women, which may result in spontaneous abortion (2nd/3rd trimester) or stillbirth. Surviving neonates of Fetomaternal Listeriosis may suffer granulomatosis infantiseptica – pyogenic granulomas distributed over the whole body, and may suffer from physical retardation.
L. monocytogenes has been associated with such foods as raw milk, pasteurized fluid milkcheeses ice cream, raw vegetables, sausages, raw and cooked poultry, raw meats, and raw and smoked fish. Its ability to grow at temperatures as low as 0°C permits multiplication in refrigerated foods.

A type A virus, they are the most virulent pathogens in humans and cause the most severe disease. Remember the 1968-69 Hong Kong pandemic, subtype H3N2.